Design and implementation of 200 kV Van de graff generator with improved insulation characteristics /

Abstract

The Vann De Gra is very famous in the electrical industry, high-voltage X-rays, nuclear physics, and dielectric testing. It has gained its importance because of its unconventional design and high voltage capacity with an extremely low current. However, the sensitivity to the environment and over insulation requirements restrict its use immensely and thus it becomes a major reason of ignorance for quite sometimes. Also, the unavailability of an empirical model lacks its proper designing which ultimately fails to deliver e cient performance. This problem has been analyzed sensitively and its solution has been implemented in this research. The designing in this research is critically analyzed and especially the problem in some critical parts like Designing of Dome is solved by selecting the aluminum material dome with perfect sizing by using the sphere vs charge calculation to get desired voltages. The Te on Belt material is selected instead of rubber belt for the better performance because Te on material is more close to "capture" electrons. The Belt is also stretched for more charges to liberate out. But it may cause the breakage of belt, to avoid this we use soft starting of motors using SCR Controlled voltage regulator. While designing the generator we cannot ignore the insulation of this generator because it possesses very high voltage with a small current that's why the insulation of internal and external part of the generator focused on this research, some parts of the generator must be highly insulated otherwise the charge failed to establish. The functionality of this generator is mainly dependent on weather conditions. The electrostatic charges leak very rapidly in moisture. The insulation is the prime factor for improvement in every Van de Gra generator. The irregularities at the dome surface cause a leakage of charges. So to remove this issue we polished a dome with zinc material. Further we introduce silica gel at the outer side to remove moisture of inner region and for inside part the generator is insulated through a vacuum pump and a bulb which generates the heat to avoid humidity e ect. The rate of discharge is a superior parameter of the execution of the machine than the ideal voltage. Thus we perform two di erent tests to verify the performance of generator one of the test is conventional voltage test using electrostatic generator and other is gap spark tests. The results with proper testing provide a 200 kV generator with better e ciency than the one commercially available.