http://digitalarchive.uet.edu.pk/handle/123456789/56 2026-04-20T14:10:44Z 2026-04-20T14:10:44Z Abdul, Ghan http://digitalarchive.uet.edu.pk/handle/123456789/340 2021-02-10T14:01:16Z 2019-09-01T00:00:00Z

Assessment ofSustainable Groundwater Extraction Abdul, Ghan Pak. J. Engg. Appl. Sci. Vol. 24January, 2019(p.1–10)1Assessment ofSustainable Groundwater Extraction Rate for Quetta City Using MODFLOWAbdul Ghani1, Zulfiqar Ali Chaudary2,Habib-ur-Rehman2, Aftab H. Azhar3, Muhammad Masood*41.Construction and WorksDepartment, Govt. of Baluchistan, Quetta, Pakistan2.Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan3.Directorate ofHydrology Mangla Dam Org. WAPDA. Mangla, Pakistan4.Centre of Excellence inWater Resources Engineering, UET, Lahore, PakistanCorresponding Author: E-mail: chmasoud@gmail.comAbstractQuetta is the largest population center in Baluchistan province. Its population entirely depends upon the groundwater. The increasing population of the city and unplanned use have depleted water table in the recent decades. USGS groundwater flow model MODFLOW (MODFLOW Pro) was applied for the Quetta city to simulate the behavior of aquifer under stresses. The model solves partial differential groundwater flow governing equation by finite difference method. The data regarding groundwater levels, tube wells, pumping rates and aquifer parameters etc. were collected from Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA). The data showedthat the abstraction rate for the city has increased from 32.25MGPD to 57.76 MGPD over20 years. The model was calibrated and validated for the available data. Data from year 1995 to 1999 was used for calibration and from 2000 to 2005 for validation. The water balance showedthat 20% of the total precipitation was ultimately going to the groundwater as recharge. It was observed from the model results that the water table under Quetta city has declined at the average rate of 0.91 m/year since 1995 to 2014. The Vermont Storm Water Management (VSWM) method of volume recharge was used to calculate the fraction of recharge that is retained by the imperviousness caused by the urbanization of the city. This fraction comes out to be 0.6 MGPD to 2.9 MGPD per year, depending upon the amount of precipitation and the amount of imperviousness for the same year. The water budget calculated by the model showedthat the average recharge per year in the study period was 37.04 MGD and the average abstraction from the aquifer was 84.20 MGD, so there was annual deficit of 47.11MGD. The inflow through the boundaries was increasing with the passage of time due to fall of headinside the model area, whereas the outflow through the boundaries was almost zero during thestudy period because of higher heads outside the model boundary. The model was then used to predict different future scenarios by giving the same average recharge rates and varying abstraction rates, in order to predict the future behaviorof the aquifer

2019-09-01T00:00:00Z Khan, Aisha http://digitalarchive.uet.edu.pk/handle/123456789/317 2021-02-10T13:59:57Z 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z

Cloning in Popular Server Side Technologies using Agile Development Khan, Aisha Several types of clones exist in software systems due to the copy-paste activity, developer limitations, language restrictions, and software development lifecycle. This work studies the issues of cloning in server side technologies for web applications. We studied 11 different reasonable size (average over 22K LOC) web development projects coded in C#, Java, Ruby-on-Rails (ROR), and PHP based on the same set of requirements. We identified and analyzed simple and structural clones present in these systems in order to compare the different technologies in terms of number of clones, clone size, clone coverage, reasons behind creation of clones, and the ratio of refactorable and non-refactorable clones. Our study focused only on the base languages of these server side technologies. Our analyses show that C# has the highest number of clones and ROR has the lowest. C# also has the highest and ROR has the lowest percentages of refactorable clones. PHP has the highest clone coverage and ROR has the lowest. Average clone size for all projects ranges from 49.8 to 77.2 tokens. In terms of clone size, there are no significant differences across projects in the same technology. The project size, project architecture, and developer approach dictate the percentage of clones present in a software project. The use of frameworks and design patterns helps control generation of clones.

2018-01-01T00:00:00Z J. Israr, K. Farooq http://digitalarchive.uet.edu.pk/handle/123456789/304 2021-02-10T13:59:41Z 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z

Modelling of Swelling Parameters and Associated Characteristics Based on Index Properties of Expansive Soils J. Israr, K. Farooq Presence of swelling soils under the foundations of civil engineering structures particularly lightly loaded structures has caused serious damages around the globe due to their differential up heaving. In this paper, based on the results of swell tests on bentonite mixed clay, correlations for predicting the swelling parameters (i.e., swell potential and swell pressure) have been proposed. Mixing of bentonite into low swelling clay has imparted significant variations in its index properties including activity and plasticity index as well as in its swell potential and swell pressure values. Mixing of bentonite from 0 % to 55% into lean clay (CL) varies its placity index value from 18 to 150 resulting into variation of its activity from 0.62 to 1.87. For the same range of bentonite addition, the swell potential and swell pressure values vary from 2.62% to 12.16% and 94 kPa to 928 kPa, respectively. Based on multiple linear regression analysis of swell and index property test data, correlations between swelling parameters, activity and remolding moisture content for expansive soils have been developed. Experimental data of twenty six (26) swelling soils procured from various sites in Pakistan have been used to validate the proposed correlati ons. These correlations have predicted the swell potential and swell pressure of these soils within accuracy of + 10% and + 5%, respectively, in comparison with their experimentally determined values. A comparison of these predictions with couple of well-known published empirical equations has also been made.

2014-01-01T00:00:00Z Rafiq, M. Ahmad, M. O. http://digitalarchive.uet.edu.pk/handle/123456789/301 2021-02-10T13:59:41Z 2015-07-01T00:00:00Z

Numerical Modeling of Dengue Disease with Incubation Period of Virus Rafiq, M.; Ahmad, M. O.

2015-07-01T00:00:00Z